I know this isn't an original idea, but it seemed like a good fit for the end of Precal (for juniors: my classes had both juniors/seniors, and seniors needed some time to review for their final, which was two weeks earlier than the juniors'). Here's how my version of a Desmos Art project went this year.

This semester, we studied polynomial, rational, and trigonometric functions. Use these functions (plus any other functions or relations you want) to create an original piece of art using Desmos.
This is an Awesomeness project, which means there are 5 points available. To earn them, make sure your creation:
1. Uses domain and/or range restrictions
2. Uses inequalities for shading
3. Uses all three function types studied this semester.
4. Uses three or more functions or relations not studied this semester and/or not studied in this class.
5. Is awesome! Convince me on the last slide by discussing any struggles you had, anything new you learned, what your creation means to you, etc.
Pretty good results: some kids got into it, and I'm trying to stay positive about things at the end of the year so I won't get into those who didn't (you can probably tell), or those who borrowed a little too heavily from stuff you can find online (or right on the staff picks page, ffs- if you see anything down there that bothers you, please let me know). Some of these are great! The sword and the mosques, the war/peace, the mountain scene: pretty sure all of these were original, and noticed these students putting in some effort.

Ok,
I read a lot of science fiction
+
I struggle sometimes to come up with good contexts for problems
= Alien Math

My first escapade into alien math was a problem about alien units, the point of which was to understand conversions without getting hung up on feet/meters/etc. I wrote it a few years ago, and it works pretty well. I use it when the opportunity presents itself.
This year, I wanted to do something with my Geometry classes for the final modeling unit after we talk about volume, density, etc. There are lots of problems about surface area and volume and density, making comparisons, maximizing, etc. But I wanted to have a little fun with it, so I came up with ​





The Flerkus Miners of Gleep!

Introduced it to the ss after our last assessment. There was some satisfying (for me) confusion, then people got to work!
Step 1: Make sense of the problem
and
Step 2: Plan and calculate

Turned out to take a couple of class periods for most kids to get a handle on this, which was a very interesting process to watch. And I did my best to JUST watch, not giving clues or hints or judgement, just observing their thinking and how they got into it.

• Lots of pencil/paper, write down important info, figure out what to do first.
• Surprising number of ss went straight to digital. Tinkercad was popular (they must be using it in another class), as was google drawings. Some of these I suggested go back to paper, as they were getting hung up on the technical details of the program they were using.

They needed a little more information about the weight of flerkus (some were looking up how much a grain of rice wieghs and going from there: resourceful, but I wanted them to be a little more accurate and use the actual rice I had), and they needed a visual for the size, so I hung these up in the room as a couple of guides when I went to a conference for a few days.
​
​Step 3: Build it!

Things were messy and chaotic, but it was pretty fun. Couple of days on this, running out of class time, then we were ready to start
Step 4: Product Testing
A. I made a submission form for students to check off requirements and write down measurements. Mostly, this gave some students a bit of time to frantically add last-minute touches.

B. Blamium distribution ended up taking entirely too much time, and was kind of hard to judge, so I scrapped it after these first few gave it a try.

C. The Flerkus Weigh Station was tons of fun! Rice everywhere, students fighting to be the one who got to pour the flerkus, be the scale expert, make predictions, etc.

Step 5: Awesomeness!
(Yes, I'm focusing on the positive here)
The kids came up with some great stuff for their "Awesomeness" point. 
Drawings!

COMICS!

Advertisements!

Even Prose!

Reflection:
This was fun, and a great way to end the year. The whole points thing needs some work, and the logistics of the testing, too. I think it was worth the time we spent, got more out of the students than anything else would've the last few weeks of school, and left them with a good "taste in their mouth" as they leave my class for the year.

So, when I made up my grading scale in August, I left 5 points for "awesomeness", which I didn't define very well. Here's my description from my assessment document:
Awesomeness:

• It’s not extra credit - I expect all of my students to show some evidence of awesomeness.
• It’s intentionally vague - I don’t know exactly how students are going to be awesome, so they will have to come up with what this looks like, and convince me, on their own.
• It’s probably different for everyone - Are you a great artist? Love writing poetry? Like tinkering or building? Spend all of your free time on the computer? OK, do something awesome for math class with that.

The idea was, I think, that students would have to figure this out for themselves and come up with something on their own. That didn't end up happening, so I didn't count the points first semester. But for some reason, things just clicked together for me at the end of second semester, and I was able to come up with 3 "Awesomeness" projects, one for each of my classes, to make the last thing the ss do in my class this year something AWESOME! This will be a series of 3 posts sort of chronicling each.

Senior "Foundations" class ended up on 3D graphing at the end of the year, and ss had a really hard time visualizing and conceptualizing 3D spaces. We did tons of activities, made 3D coordinate planes, even installed semi-permanent x/y/z axes in my classroom. When we were getting ready for our last summative assessment, one of the students, being a senior, asked, "can we just, like, do a project or something instead of a test for this?" So I, after a little bit of mwahaha, said, "OF COURSE WE CAN!!!" Then I came up with this:

​​Final Awesomeness Project- Graph My Room!
Using isometric graphing paper, make an accurate scale drawing of my classroom. Use your drawing to find the following.
A. The distances PQ and RT (These points will be posted around the classroom).
B. The equations of all of the planes that make up the walls, floor, ceiling.
Prepare all of this in a poster.
Scoring: 
There are 5 awesome points available. 
1-2. Distances are within 50 cm of the actual distance
3. Plane equations are accurate
4. Working for the above is clear
5. The poster is awesome!

About 4-5 class periods to get this done, with varying levels of success. A few notes on the process:

• most ss had trouble just figuring out what to measure just to get started. ie: many started by measuring lengths of walls rather than distance from axes. The x/y lines up with my floor tiles, so I clued them in to this pretty early on just to save us all a lot of trouble.
• weirdly prevalent trouble with units! STILL TROUBLE WITH UNITS!! Lots of "3 meters 24 inches" or "8.7 feet"... Scale on the graphs was also tricky...
• Z axis was nearly insurmountable as an obstacle; they just couldn't visualize it. 
• Coordinates proved to be a real challenge. Spent significant time walking from the origin to the corners of the room to find coordinates for the corners
• graphed floor in two dimensions, figured out z coordinate, sketched on isometric paper, then just went "up" the height of the ceiling.
• One group got right to work, asked about units, and (with a little point in the right direction) decided on cm based on the requirements.
• Second group had some trouble getting into it. Before I knew it they were measuring in inches and then dividing by 20 to come up with their own scale (based on ?). I thought this approach was strange, but it made sense to them, sort of.

Reflection:
I've spent this year really focusing on summative assessment. For the last few months, I've been thinking a great deal about formative assessment, and changing the way I introduce students to concepts, figure out what they know and what they need some help with, and move towards a goal. 
In hindsight, this project feels to me like it could have been THE UNIT rather than something we did at the end. I have dreams of one day having a good, meaty problem to START. Create the headache, etc.
I'm really starting to think this is going to be my focus for next year, and I'm pretty excited about it.
​

Back in January, I was wracking my brain about how to make assessments go better in my classes; there was too much stress, too much concentration on the wrong things: it felt too much like a big bad test that everyone should be stressed out about. So I thought to myself, what if they could take a break, take a walk, talk about the test, get rid of misconceptions and jitters, etc. 
And that's what we did. 

Evolution:
Phase 1
I didn't really have a good idea about how to do this the first time, so I was kind of loose with everything.
"Work on the test for 10 minutes, then we'll take a walk. Come back, work for another 30, we'll do it again. then 20 minutes to finish."
The idea here was to have some time to get into it, then ask questions that might have come up, then some more work, then final questions.
I didn't talk or answer any questions. I let students take notebooks and pencils with them, and bring them back into the room.

Student Feedback
After each class's first test walk, I asked for some feedback about the process:

Ok, nothing really shocking there. I used the "cheating" results to have some conversations about why I write assessment questions the way I do, why I ask for so much from one question, why my assessments are only 1-2 questions.

The next few questions on the survey gave me some more interesting feedback (summarizing and cherry-picking some results here).

Did anything bother you about taking a break during the test?

1. lots of "no"s, "it was too cold", "it was too noisy", "more time"  --meh
2. Sometimes it got even more confusing because you would mix what the other person was saying to you with what you already thought.​ / The break lead me to panic and question myself about whether I got the concept.​ --I get this and was surprised that there weren't more like these. I'm hoping that they get more confident as they go on, or learn to ignore others or have productive discussions if they're pretty sure of themselves.
3. if we would have been allowed to take our test around or have been able to view it during our break, it would have been even more helpful. But I understand why you won't do that, it is a test after all. --Glad they understand :)
4. Not really, except people screaming. --Hmm, discussions too heated? I must have missed this :)
5. everyone either crowded around one person and I couldn't help but feel bad for the person in the middle. / I think we should have groups while walking outside. Otherwise everyone gets on one person. --This was something I should have worked harder to address. It was a big problem in one class (which I'll discuss later), but not so much in the others.
6. Stopping in the middle of a problem. --a couple of different variations of this one. I think Phase 3 takes care of it.

 Is there anything you really liked about taking a break during the test? 

1. If you had any confusions they could be cleared out / seeing different methods / noticing mistakes  --alot of this
2. Stress relief / helped me cool down / feeling of comfort that you could still get help / fresh air --and this
3. I couldn't understand what to do in the test and my classmates explained the question for me. --and this
4. I think this was the first test I actually took happily and didn't panic or anything and just overall it was very different but I believe this would overall as a class improve and help everyone understand better
5. It acted as a type of kickstart to get me started on completing the test on my own
6. Yes, it felt a lot less stressful and it felt like the teacher understood where students were coming from.
7. It was good to see that a lot of people didn't understand what was happening just like you didn't. --umm, ok? I think? Maybe not ok?

Describe any suggestions you have for how we can make tests less stressful.

1. more time / more breaks --Eh, I put a lot of thought into time limits, and I think there are always going to be people who ask for more. Part of "Proficient" for me means efficient, confident, and prepared enough to show some solid understanding on a single problem in 20 minutes or so.
2. extra credit / MCQs / more questions but easier questions  / traditional math tests / grading scale gripes (summative assessments are worth at least 85% in my class) / only one topic at a time / fewer tests  -- Meh! spent all first semester discussing these things. Not gonna happen.
3. We can practice the types of questions on the test so it's not a surprise and much harder on the test. / More time and review the topics in the the class before the test. / Maybe more practice questions similar to the ones on the test. Like with the same type of wording and format.-- I did start doing this more, maybe to a further degree than I'm really comfortable with as I reflect here. Part of "Proficient" for me also means being able to apply math you know in unfamiliar situations.
4. We can take tests in pairs? --Couple of these. I'm interested in this idea, but not with these students, at least not yet. Academic dishonesty has been too much of an issue this year.
5. We could not call them tests but rather anything else.  --I'm trying, man! "Summative Assessment" is just so many damn syllables, it's never gonna catch on!
6. The rubric is quite confusing and vague, it would be nice to have examples of what a 1:4, and so on look like specifically for the topic we are doing -- Yup, that would be nice. Working on it.

Phase 2:
Teachers with more foresight than me probably know exactly what went wrong with this: some students used the breaks, especially the last one, to just copy each others work. Of course they did!

The process with the rest of the classes in this first round of tests allowed us to have some great discussions about how to show your understanding (and how to show that it's YOUR understanding).

​I pretty quickly stopped letting students take notes or any paper with them, instead sending a basket of whiteboards and markers with them that got erased before they came back into class. I also got rid of the second break: work 10 minutes, 10 minutes to discuss, 40 minutes for the rest of the test.

Results?
I don't have really good data on this. Visual modeling increased, but also paragraphs of writing where some good algebra steps would do just fine. "Less tell, more show!" became my most often used comment on assessments.
I think it "felt" better, at least to me. At least most of the time. It also gave me some more freedom (along with some more directed test-prep on my part) to ask more open-ended questions: "Make up your own triangle and solve it to show me you understand trigonometry". 

Then there was
The oblique asymptote incident:
So, one of my precal sections, my "difficult" class, last period of the day, test over rational expressions and functions, Illustrative Math question about fuel efficiency...

In this class, I have one student who's way ahead of everyone, a transfer this year from another school where his algebra 2 class covered most of what I have to cover to meet the needs of the students here. He's the "go to guy" during test walks, the one the other students crowd around. He and I had had a discussion about a similar problem, and and how to tie the idea of an oblique asymptote to the context and the solution. It wasn't something that most of the students were ready for, but he was. Here's some of the nonsense I got back on this test:

I threw these and a few others into a presentation (yes, along with some positive things, too) and used it to have a very pointed discussion about cheating. I also found ways to remove this student from the conversation during walks (by having my own conversation with him) so that the others wouldn't get distracted by things they're not ready for.

Phase 3:
I settled on a 3 minute reading period (look over the test and strategize: no talking, no writing, no calculators) followed by a 10 minute walk before each test, with whiteboards if students want to use them. Some students still try to memorize the entire problem and get classmates to give them the "answer" (whatever that means), but this is where I think I can feel comfortable. This is what I did for the rest of the year.

Reflection: Why do this?
Test walks are a pain in my ass, mostly because they cause me to spend so much time thinking about and watching for academic dishonesty. I'm not sure if they really help with assessment results because I'm too lazy to do a real look into the scores, and my records aren't good enough to call this useful data yet. I still have assessments where the majority of students miss the mark completely and/or give nonsense answers to questions. 

I do this, and I'm going to continue to do this, because of the mathematical discourse it produces. The "pressure" of these discussions produces the best mathematical discussions I ever get to witness, even from the students who are the most disengaged in the classroom. Students argue their case, critique the reasoning of their classmates, ask questions, and don't stop asking until they get it. On one of the last walks this year I tried to capture this in a video. It's kind of hard to hear what they're saying, but you could probably get the idea with the sound off.

So, the question I'm working on now is: How do I get this kind of engagement as a normal part of my classroom... without having to give a test every day!

Continued from this previous post
So, I let the issue marinate a bit, had the same discussions with my other two classes the next day (block scheduling), and formulated the following situation. I took a break from the curriculum and devoted the next two days of classes (5 different sections, 90 minute classes) to investigating in the hopes that students might come to a greater understanding of how their grades are calculated, and maybe even learn how weighted averages work in the process.

Theory
As I mentioned in the previous post, I wrote this shortly after a workshop I attended (the first of five institutes for the Math Fellows in International Schools program). Whether consciously or not (again, this was way back in October), the discussions we had on mathematical modeling really informed the writing of this problem. Previously, I would have given some numbers, but here I required students to simply use my grading scale, and come up with their own interpretations of intentionally vague descriptors such as "or slightly better" or "just squeaking by". 
​I didn't (still don't) have a great understanding of "mathematical modeling", and found (still find) it difficult to include in the work I ask students to do. This problem feels like my first decent attempt at formulating a modeling situation.

Practice

Everyone had trouble getting started
"You want me to make up my own numbers?"
- "Yup, just make sure they make sense"

Most of the students started off with their "feelings" about the problem, which is great. I think we want students to speculate about the solutions before they get into the math of it.
However, many of them, particularly the older students, were weirdly overconfident and considered themselves "done", without doing the math to confirm.
​The images above show work the students asked me to check, to see if they were right... 

The Math
The model that ended up making the most sense to the most students (which I didn't get a picture of, unfortunately) was each category of grades (practice work, summative assessments) being a bowl full of available points. You earn a percentage of those points based on your average in that category.

These guys had an "aha" moment when they figured out the total is 95, not 100 (I have 5% in reserve for a category we don't use yet). 
Further, if I don't grade practice work, it's out of 85...

Conclusion(?)
So, the whole point of doing this was to really investigate the question:

In what case does grading practice work further my ultimate goal, which is to make grades reflect the level of understanding of my students?

Working through this problem allowed most of the students (with a little help from me) to come to the following (seemingly obvious, but important to understand) general conclusion: grading practice work is only beneficial if your practice work average is greater than your assessment average.
What does this mean?

• Grading practice work has the potential to be the most detrimental to students who show the strongest understanding on assessments.
• Grading practice work has the potential to be the most beneficial to students who work hard and do their job, but struggle to show their understanding on assessments.

I'm not at all interested in the first point; in fact, I'm not at all interested in using grades as punishment. I'm fine with the second point.
Which leads us to the new policy: I'll keep track of practice work, because it's formative assessment. I need to be able to see if students are learning the skills they need to "play the game" of performing on assessments. However, I'll only count it if it helps your final grade.

Reflection
I had students go back and check out their first quarter grades, and whether/how practice work affected them. This allowed me to address some really wild misconceptions ("It helped my grade went up by about 30%. It is very beneficial for me."), but also allowed most students to see that it has a very minimal effect, and that effect is sometimes negative.

For my own reflection, I had very mixed emotions after going through this with all 5 classes. A couple of them got it, and it felt like we came to a really powerful understanding. For others, including the class that inspired the problem, it was a big "Meh..."

If you've ever taught the same lesson 5 times in a row, you've probably had the experience of waning excitement on your own part: what seems fresh and exciting for the first two classes can start to seem repetitive and dull for the last two. I think that's some of what I was feeling, but there's also this vast difference in the dynamics of my classrooms that I've been struggling with all year. 
I hate that I devoted this much time to talking about grades, when I really need to get the focus of these students away from grades and onto understanding.

I love the problem itself, and the fact that it was directly inspired by a need expressed by the students. I'd like to try to incorporate more problems like this in my classroom instruction. Problems where students have to build a model of a real-world situation, work through the mathematics of that model, and use their results to come to a real-world conclusion.

I started writing the first part of these posts directly after teaching it to my first two classes, hence the title. I remember feeling like "Wow! Look at this amazing thing that's happening!" The third class later that day just totally burst that bubble (the class I wrote the problem for, the source of the most emphatic "Meh"s), and really brought me down. I didn't finish the post; within a couple weeks I had stopped posting on my photo blog and gone twitter-dark, and the rest of the semester was really an unsatisfactory struggle.

With some time to re-charge over the winter break, and re-inspire at a recent Math Summit in Shanghai, I feel like I'm ready to get back into things now. There's an exciting curriculum switch coming up at our school, which I get to play a big role in. I've got some engaging project/assessments going in all of my classes to give everyone a good start on the second semester. We just bought a bunch of potted plants for our house, which we're giving silly names. Things are looking up...

I ended my last post noticing how valuable being challenged by my students is turning out to be, especially as I go through this process of changing how I do everything. This is continuing to be the case.

We just finished up our first quarter here. I had a bit of a mad rush to squeeze some assessments in, so I was grading up to the last minute, and was really disappointed with the results, pretty much across the board. Also, every slacker in the class was emailing me to take care of practice work zeros in the gradebook, so I'd go look at the assignments, and half of them still weren't done... OK, my blood pressure is going up, so I'll stop, but you get the picture. 

Anyway, got the grades in, then had a little time to reflect about practices so far. There were a couple of things that were bothering me:

1. I was spending too much time recording homework: Even though I only do a completion grade, I let kids complete it later and get credit. This means I have to go BACK to the assignment page (I use Khan Academy for homework), find the assignment, and make sure the student got something other than 0% (yes, there are many students who were shocked that I didn't count 0% as complete), then change their grade in the gradebook. So, I'm spending a lot of time doing things for students who aren't doing their job! That's crazy and it has to stop!!  My first thought was just to stop grading homework at all, but my wife thought that might be a bit much, and helped me come to the idea of giving one simple warm-up question, taken directly from the homework, at the beginning of every class. I do this with a Google form quiz, so it's pretty manageable. ​<added in January: I've since started using Delta Math to keep students from just copying each other>
2. There's too much room between proficient and exemplary if I need to translate my grades into percents. I instituted a "proficient plus" for students who were showing some exemplary understanding, but not across the board.
3. Some students are gaming my system. I break my units into topics based on CCSS clusters, and my tests consist of 3 or 4 topics at a time. I assess everything at least twice; If the second grade is higher, I use that. If it's lower, I take 5% off the higher score. It sucks, but there was some pretty clear evidence of a couple of students saying, "Hey, if I get I get an 85 on the first test, then I'm OK getting an 80 overall if it means I don't have to try at all the second time!" So, I increased the penalty to 5% per level of difference (so 3-->0 incurs a 15% penalty).

I spent the first classes of the week in each section  going over these changes with the students.

• They really like #2
• they're fine with #3
• but #1 was a different story...

Starting the conversation
I started these classes by asking everyone, "what do you think would happen if I stopped grading homework?" Most immediate reactions to this question are, "well, no one would do it." We talked about whether or not that was true, and I gave them my answer: I think the students who do it now understand the purpose of practicing and would keep doing it, and nothing I've ever done has had much of an effect on the others. 
Then, I tell them about the new plan and have them do a practice warm-up.

A tale of two attitudes
Now, my first two classes, which I have been known to refer to as my "easy" classes, are very compliant, and just sort of say, "ok," and go on about their business.

My third class (22 juniors and seniors, last period of the day) is my most challenging group. After my first test, they told on me to the principal (who sat through my class on how to read test scores and improve, and totally backed me up). We've had a couple of breakdowns, where I just stop the class and lecture them about how useless they're being (they have a really hard time starting problems and staying focused). They complain about my teaching methods (they want more direct instruction) regularly, and are completely grade (percentage) focused. This class freaked out about #1: 

• What if I'm absent? (Do it at home!)
• What if I typed the wrong thing? (Be more careful next time)
• What if I don't understand the problem? (Should have gotten help before now)
• What if my computer doesn't start up in time? (Do it at the end of class)

Etc. So I brought the conversation back to my original question: What if I don't grade it at all? One of the things they kept coming back to was "we need those extra points". So I asked "Really? How many extra points is it? Does it always help you?" From their blank "yes", I realized that these kids don't understand how weighting works at all!
​<picking up here in January>
So, It's been awhile, and I don't remember exactly, but I'm sure I went home from that class frustrated and burned out, as usual. But somewhere in the night, it started coming to me (inspired, I'm sure by a recent workshop with Erma Anderson)...

And I made a math problem out of it.

​To be continued...

I was lying in bed not sleeping at 2AM or so (as one does), and had one of those ideas that I just had to use in class today (again, as one does: why is this getting more and more normal for me?). It worked so well I had to blog about it.

When I introduced the 0-4 "Levels of Understanding" to my students, some of them asked me to show some examples of the difference between the levels, and of course I didn't have any handy. I told the students we'd come up with them as we went along, and tried to forget about it. That obviously didn't work...
So this morning I threw together my best stab at an example of 1-4 for a Geometry construction  by working one out in four different ways. Take a look and see what you think.

I ​put 'em up on 4 walls, and had the kids circulate and "grade" each. I didn't tell them that there was one of each score, and I didn't give them any more pointers than to use the posters in the room (4 claims and levels of understanding).

​Cool:
-kids were referring to the posters, going up and reading more closely; signs they were thinking about it
-kids were discussing what proficient meant
-I think we started to get to the difference between a drawing and a construction.
-Could've done electronically, but it was worth 4 sheets of paper to see the kids moving around the room, discussing, walking up to check the posters.

What the numbers say:
I collected their post-it votes and (why the hell not?) recorded their responses and made a chart.

Take-aways:

• Except for the 1 guy that didn't like my best effort, everyone who disagreed with my assessment was nicer than me. (millennials? OMG I'm old enough to say that!)
• A 4 is pretty obvious.
• The inability to see what makes a 1 vs a 2 led to a great discussion of focusing on the learning target and the difference between drawing and construction.
• 3 vs 4 was also helpful, especially leading to the idea that trying an alternate method to confirm results might be a good way to make that difference.
• Having the discussion really focused our attention on the learning target: were we doing what it said? Just checking that out often settled any differences of opinion. 

I didn't have time to prepare something like this for my two sections of precal later in the day, but we got a little discussion in, and I had them start to try to formulate 1-4 responses for a question. Definitely doing this next week with them.

Man, this feels good. I had the energy today that comes with going into a 5 day weekend, and I got to translate that into something that felt really productive. The students' notions of what a math class is and how it is supposed to work are being challenged, and they are challenging me about how I assess, and ultimately grade. Conversation started! Let's keep it going.

How this all translates to grades
I have to give a percentage grade, there’s no way around it at my school. This is sort of the hardest part for me. My last school was an IB school, so I used historical data from IB exams to set up my system there. It’s a much more forgiving system, in terms of percentages, than the classic American system where 60% is the minimum passing grade. I’ve done a lot of blog reading about this, and I think I’ve got something I can work with:

Grading Scale (what I put in the grading system)
0=0%
1=50%
2=70%
3=85%
4=100%

Weighting
10%: Practice work (includes homework, classwork, etc, and is pretty exclusively completion grades)
65%: Summative assessments
20%: Cumulative exams
5%: Awesomeness
Awesomeness, you ask? Yeah, this is something I threw in to try to keep kids on their toes.

• It’s not extra credit - I expect all of my students to show some evidence of awesomeness.
• It’s intentionally vague - I don’t know how they’re going to be awesome, so they will have to come up with what this looks like, and convince me, on their own.
• It’s probably different for everyone - Are you a great artist? Love writing poetry? Like tinkering or building? Spend all of your free time on the computer? OK, do something awesome for math class with that.

This might be a complete failure, but I’m curious to see how it comes out, and I think keeping it at 5% keeps the stakes low.
​
So, by the time parents come in for back to school night on Tuesday and hear about this, I’ll have presented it to all of my students as well. I expect some pushback, but I’ve thought about this for a long time now, and I’m feeling confident and ready to support my position clearly. Wish me luck! And, as always, let me know what you think.

This past summer, I was invited to participate in a Math Assessment Workshop for AERO (American Education Reaches Out), sponsored by the U.S. State department. For anyone who doesn't know what AERO is (I didn't really), it's basically Common Core for international schools; the goal is to create "a framework for curriculum consistency across grades K-12 and for stability of curriculum in overseas schools, which typically have a high rate of teacher turnover." The math standards are essentially the same as Common Core (in fact, I think they're the precursor to CC, but I'm not solid on my history there). The workshop was led by Erma Anderson (@ermaander), an impressive individual with a wealth of knowledge who I'm glad to have met and been able to work with.

We were a small group of 8 teachers from schools around the world, and from all different age groups (2 K-5, 3 MS, 3 HS). The rest of the group had participated in workshops before for the MSIS (Math Specialist in International Schools) program run by AERO; I was sort of an outsider who slipped in because my wife is doing MSIS, but now I want more!

Now, I thought I was pretty up-to-date on SBA in the math community (see the previous post for my history), but this workshop turned me on to a new framework I'd never used, read about, or seen before: the four "Claims for the Mathematics Summative Assessment" from the Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium. The purposes of the workshop were to 

1. Try to write, or adapt, some "good" problems to assess these aims
2. Try to write a general rubric, which turned into more of a student profile, based on these claims.

We started the week writing a few assessment problems in grade-level groups, then critiquing them all together. I found this process challenging in a good way - frustrated by things I hadn't thought about, questioning my assumptions, occasionally questioning why we even teach this stuff anyway, etc. It made us really examine our goals in assessing our students, and recognize some inadequacies in many of the assessments we currently use. 

After getting our feet wet with this process, we turned to creating a student profile based on the four claims. We started out calling this a "rubric", which led to a lot of confusion about the purpose of the document. Once we changed our focus to creating a profile, we started coming together towards a final product. This process took two days, but we felt pretty good about having created a document that we all felt comfortable applying K-12

​After this, we got back to writing and critiquing assessments. The high school group borrowed heavily from Illustrative Mathematics problems, and the following are three problems we felt pretty good about. 

If anyone reading this is interested in checking out any of the K-8 problems, contact me.

Overall, it was energizing to be part of this group of math teachers who were focused and interested in what they were doing. I hope we can keep in touch through #AEROmaththinktank on Twitter.
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Processing...
Because of my unfamiliarity with the claims, I needed to do some independent study and research to help get my head around this way of approaching assessment. Here are two big ideas I'm going to try to use in assessment this year (but this will take some time, and I've got a lot of newness to deal with this year).

1. The four claims are the boss:
These are the things we are always assessing in math assessments, regardless of the specific learning target or subject matter. They should be considered whenever we are designing assessments. Part of Erma's instruction included a link between the four claims and the standards for mathematical practice (SMP); I'm much more familiar and comfortable with the SMP, so I found this helpful. The mess below is me visualizing this (and playing with MS OneNote on a new touchscreen computer).

2. Clusters are learning targets
I spent my first five years trying to write learning targets based on specific standards. Anyone who's done this knows how muddled it can get. Erma blew my mind with the idea of using the Common Core clusters as larger learning targets for assessment's sake. This is fitting in with the idea of a SBA "skills list", which I haven't used before, and the following is the beginnings of my attempt to do this for my geometry class this year. I'm using New Visions' curriculum as a jumping off point here.

Ok, I'm stopping there because the first day of work at my new school is tomorrow! Just had to get some of this down and out of my head before getting into work.

Where I'm coming from
I got my teaching license in 2003. None of my coursework for teaching, including my student teaching, had anything to do with standards. 
Then I got a job outside of the traditional school setting, out of the loop as far as current best-practices and educational reform were concerned. I kept this job for 8 years.
In 2012, I got back into classroom teaching by landing a job at brand new international school in China. The leadership of the school was pretty progressive, and decided from the beginning to go with the most current research-based practices.
I still remember the staff meeting where we were introduced to Standards-Based (SB) Grading, Assessment, and Reporting (I'm going to use SBG, SBA, SBR, and try to explain why I differentiate later). Few of the staff (some with much more experience than I) knew about or had much experience with SB anything, and it was kind of a shock to most of us. Oh yeah, BTW, this meeting happened AFTER two or so weeks of instruction, AFTER some of us had already distributed syllabi, grading scales, etc. I had no idea what anyone was talking about - the only grading I knew was percentages and ABCs. I cried in the bathroom that day...
Pretty quickly, watching others struggle with this, I came to the understanding that my lack of experience was an advantage. I didn't have to deal with, or unlearn,  years of assessing any other way, I just had to get my head around doing it this way. I was also the only secondary math teacher in the school, so I had an incredible, and often intimidating, level of freedom in developing my curriculum and classroom practices. So I bought in, did the work, and started learning. 
Needless to say, I learned more through the experience of teaching than I ever had in any class about teaching. I learned more through personal research, struggling with frustrations, searching for my own answers, than I ever have from professional development. After five years with this school, I feel like I have a relatively good grasp on the idea of SB, although I'm still struggling with the practice and implementation.

Where I am now
As far as I can tell, so is everyone else. I ask educators and administrators about their implementations whenever I can, and I read a lot of blogs and articles on the subject. Over the last five years, only one educator I've spoken with said that his school had "completely figured out" SBG; further conversation revealed that what he really meant was that his school had aligned a 1-4 grading scale with a percentage grading scale in a way that the majority of teachers, students, parents, and other stakeholders accepted.
Everyone else tells the truth; it's a journey, a learning process that no one seems to have nailed down completely yet. There are great ideas out there, but there doesn't seem to be anyone (other than that guy) who's willing to say they've got all the answers and they know exactly how it should be implemented.
I like to separate SB, especially when it involves grades, into three areas that help me think about my own practice. These distinctions are mine, from my experience, and may be different from others'. (they may also be wrong! :)

• Assessment (SBA): This is the spirit of the whole thing. You start from a standard, make it into a learning target, and design instructional activities (formative assessments) and summative assessments by which students can show that they've met those targets. Teachers assess the degree with which students have shown proficiency.
• Grading (SBG): This is the method by which teachers assign a category, or grade, to represent a student's level of proficiency. 1-3, 1-4, 1-5 scales are common, rather than letter grades, and each level comes with a descriptor (my last school used Emerging, Approaching, Proficient, Exemplary) and they usually reference a rubric which tries to explain what each level means. SBG also makes little or no use of formative assessments (homework, quizzes, classwork) in calculating the final grade, focusing instead on a student's performance on summative assessments. This is where the big controversy with students, parents, and teachers who are used to traditional grading scales and levels. It also seems like every school is coming up with their own (different) way to address this discomfort.
• Reporting (SBR): This is the report card, the way student progress is communicated to students, parents, other schools, etc. My last school had us report on content domains from the Common Core as well as and overall "grade" and a narrative paragraph (yeah, report cards took a long time).

​Where I'm going
Earlier this summer, I participated in an assessment workshop for AERO which gave me a whole new way to think about the standards, and I really want to write a post about it later. The shift that's rolling around in my head involves using clusters (not specific standards) to come up with targets, and couching the targets in the four claims from the Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium.

In a few days, I'm heading out to start a new job in Pakistan! I don't know everything about how things work there, but I don't think they're using SBR yet (kind of a relief to me). They use percentage scales and letter grades for reports, but I've been reading a lot on how other teachers are doing SBG within their own classrooms, even if it's not a school-wide practice, and even if they eventually have to show a letter grade. Overall I don't think I can do assessment any other way, so SBA will be a part of what I do no matter where I teach. 

If anyone made it this far, thanks for reading. I hope to keep posting on this journey, reading about what others are doing, and refining my practice.


People who've helped me think about this (not an exhaustive list, INPO):
Follow the links for some great posts on SBG
Michael Matera
Dan Meyer
Dane Ehlert
Jonathan Claydon
Nora Oswald

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